Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic acidosis is a condition where there is an excess build up of acid in the body fluids or when the kidneys do not remove enough acid from the body.
Types of Metabolic Acidosis
There are several types of metabolic acidosis, which are caused by various conditions:
Diabetic Acidosis
Diabetic acidosis is a build up of ketone acid when type 1 diabetes is uncontrollable.
Hyperchloremic Acidosis
Hyperchloremic acidosis occurs when there is a disproportionate loss of sodium bicarbonate from the body, usually as a result of severe diarrhea.
Lactic Acidosis
Lactic acidosis is caused by an abundance of lactic acid in the body. This can be caused by liver failure, alcohol, medication, cancer and overexercising, as an example.
Other causes for metabolic acidosis may be a result of underlying medical conditions such as:
- Kidney disease
- Severe dehydration
- Aspirin poisoning
- Respiratory illness
- Metabolic disorders
If left untreated, acidosis can cause life-threatening complications; it is therefore important to seek medical attention at the first signs of this condition.
Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis
The symptoms of acidosis are typically caused by the disease or condition that is causing the metabolic acidosis. Common symptoms of metabolic acidosis include:
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Confusion
Patients experiencing these symptoms should seek prompt medical attention to receive the treatment they need and to minimize complications. Severe metabolic acidosis can lead to shock or death.
Diagnosis of Metabolic Acidosis
To diagnose acidosis, the doctor will perform a physical examination and full review of the patient's medical history. To verify that acidosis is the cause of symptoms, tests may be conducted. These tests may include:
- Urine pH test
- Chest X-ray
- Arterial blood gas
- Serum electrolyte testing
Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis
To treat metabolic acidosis, the condition that has caused it must be treated. Depending on the underlying condition, treatment may include taking a sodium bicarbonate solution, the administration of oxygen, or the use of bronchodilators. The doctor will develop a customized treatment plan based on the patient's condition.